Journal: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology

Article Title: Thiamine pyrophosphate may protect indomethacin-induced small intestinal enteropathy in rats by inhibiting intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress

doi: 10.1007/s00210-025-04213-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Timeline of the treatment of experimental animals. Rats were divided into four groups ( n = 8), and group 1 was used as control (vehicle was used as control). The second group received TPP (20 mg/kg intragastric) on the day of the experiment. In the third group, intestinal injury was induced with IND (25 mg/kg, intragastric). In the fourth group, TPP (20 mg/kg intragastric), whose prophylactic effect was examined, was administered first. After 30 min, IND 25 mg/kg intragastric, which causes intestinal damage, was administered. The animals were euthanized 6 h after IND administration, and small intestinal tissues were removed. TPP, thiamine pyrophosphate; IND, indomethacin

Article Snippet: Small intestinal rat tissues were processed for SOD (Cat. no. E0168Ra), GPX (Cat. no. E1242a), TNF-α (Cat. no. E0764Ra), and IL- 6 (Cat. no. E0135Ra) ELISA kit (BT Lab, Zhejiang, China), according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology

Article Title: Thiamine pyrophosphate may protect indomethacin-induced small intestinal enteropathy in rats by inhibiting intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress

doi: 10.1007/s00210-025-04213-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of TPP on inflammation in small intestinal injury. A Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and B inflammatory cytokine- 6 (IL- 6) proinflammatory mediator levels. Indomethacin (IND) increased TNF-α and IL- 6 levels in the small intestine, whereas thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) pretreatment had no effect. Values are given as mean ± standard deviation. a, b, c, and d denote significance according to control, TPP, IND, and IND + TPP groups, respectively ( p < 0.05, n = 8)

Article Snippet: Small intestinal rat tissues were processed for SOD (Cat. no. E0168Ra), GPX (Cat. no. E1242a), TNF-α (Cat. no. E0764Ra), and IL- 6 (Cat. no. E0135Ra) ELISA kit (BT Lab, Zhejiang, China), according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology

Article Title: Thiamine pyrophosphate may protect indomethacin-induced small intestinal enteropathy in rats by inhibiting intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress

doi: 10.1007/s00210-025-04213-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: 1 Macroscopic image of the small intestine in an 8 cm section, free of luminal contents (a: control, b: TPP, c: IND, d: IND + TPP). 2 View of the small intestine evaluated by opening the lumen. 3 Intestinal histopathology in control group and animals treated with TPP and IND, Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, × 10 magnification, magnification bar 100 µm (micron). A: Control group, normal intestine. B: TPP group, normal intestine. C: IND group, erosive and inflammatory findings in the intestine. D: TPP + IND group, erosive findings in the intestine, milder than the IND group. Findings shown with arrows; lu: intestinal lumen/the apical surface where the intestinal villi are located; e: erosion/superficial loss of epithelial tissue. 4 Total damage score of pathologic findings in groups belonging to histopathologic examination. TPP, thiamine pyrophosphate; IND, indomethacin

Article Snippet: Small intestinal rat tissues were processed for SOD (Cat. no. E0168Ra), GPX (Cat. no. E1242a), TNF-α (Cat. no. E0764Ra), and IL- 6 (Cat. no. E0135Ra) ELISA kit (BT Lab, Zhejiang, China), according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Control, Histopathology, Staining